Science

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Hubble Breaks Record in Search for Farthest Supernova

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This is a Hubble Space Telescope view of supernova SN UDS10Wil, nicknamed SN Wilson that exploded over 10 billion years ago. The small box in the top image pinpoints SN Wilson's host galaxy in the CANDELS survey. The image is a blend of visible and near-infrared light. The three bottom images, taken in near-infrared light demonstrate how the astronomers found the supernova. The image at far left shows the host galaxy without SN Wilson. The middle image, taken a year earlier, reveals the galaxy with SN Wilson. The supernova cannot be seen because it is too close to the center of its host galaxy. To detect the supernova, astronomers subtracted the left image from the middle image to see the light from SN Wilson, shown in the image at far right.

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Dwarf planet sized up accurately as it blocks light of faint star

Astronomers have accurately measured the diameter of the faraway dwarf planet Eris for the first time by catching it as it passed in front of a faint star. This event was seen at the end of 2010 by telescopes in Chile, including the Belgian TRAPPIST telescope at ESO’s La Silla Observatory. The observations show that Eris is an almost perfect twin of Pluto in size. Eris appears to have a very reflective surface, suggesting that it is uniformly covered in a thin layer of ice, probably a frozen atmosphere.

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Hubble Sees J 900 Masquerading as a Double Star

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Manchester leads the way in graphene membrane research

University of Manchester graphene researchers have been awarded a £3.5m funding boost that could bring desalination plants, safer food packaging and enhanced disease detection closer to reality.

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Artistic view:Water easily evaporates through graphene oxide membranes but they represent an impermeable barrier for other molecules.

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ORNL microscopy uncovers "dancing" silicon atoms in graphene

Jumping silicon atoms are the stars of an atomic scale ballet featured in a new Nature Communications study from the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

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Oak Ridge National Laboratory researchers used electron microscopy to document the 'dancing' motions of silicon atoms, pictured in white, in a graphene sheet.

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Shining light on elusive dark matter

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Space Station after AMS-02 installation.

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Cartilage damaged from exercise may aid in early osteoarthritis detection

Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disorder, affecting about one-third of older adults, and currently there is no cure. The nanoscale biomechanical properties of cartilage at joints change at the earliest stages of osteoarthritis, making the tissue more prone to damage during fast physical activities. The findings could improve early detection of the disease as well as tissue engineering strategies to repair damaged cartilage in patients.

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These are images of (a) normal human joint cartilage, and (e) cartilage with very early matrix GAG loss. (b) Histologic image of a normal cartilage stained with Toluidine Blue to visualize content of GAGs. (f) Histologic image of a GAG-depleted cartilage (c) Schematic of extracellular matrix of normal cartilage composed mainly of collagen fibers and aggrecan (g) Schematic of matrix of GAG-depleted cartilage (d,h) Schematic of AFM-based dynamic compression of normal (d) and GAG-depleted (h) cartilage, which results in intra-tissue fluid flow velocity depicted by the blue arrows (from Finite element model computer simulations): loss of GAG (h) enables more fluid to flow out of the cartilage at high loading rates. (i) Human aggrecan imaged by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)

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NASA Sends Unmanned Aircraft to Study Volcanic Plume

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NASA researchers modified three repurposed Aerovironment RQ-14 Dragon Eye unmanned aerial vehicles acquired from the United States Marine Corps to study the sulfur dioxide plume of Costa Rica's Turrialba volcano. The project is designed to improve the remote sensing capability of satellites and computer models of volcanic activity.

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Hubble captures strobe flashes from a young star

The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope has produced a time-lapse movie of a mysterious protostar that behaves like a flashing light. Every 25.34 days, the object, designated LRLL 54361, unleashes a burst of light which propagates through the surrounding dust and gas. This is only the third time this phenomenon has been observed, and it is the most powerful such beacon seen to date. It is also the first to be seen associated with a light echo.

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Inorganic materials display massive and instantaneous swelling and shrinkage

The first observation of massive swelling and shrinkage of inorganic layered materials like a biological cell provides insights into the production of two-dimensional crystals.

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Macroscopic volume and microscopy characterization of the samples before and after swelling. The parent H0.8[Ti1.2Fe0.8]O4 H2O microcrystals exhibit platelets with lateral sizes of ~15 mm×35 mm and a thickness of ~2-3 mm. The interlayer spacing is 0.89 nm; thus, the platelets are composed of ~3000 regularly stacked layers. With addition of amine solutions, the samples “ballooned” spontaneously, and the macroscopic volume of the swollen crystals changes with various DMAE solutions, which shows the maximum volume increase at DMAE/H+ = 0.5. Optical microscopy characterizations reveal extended lamellar structures. The longest swollen length is ~200-250 mm in DMAE/H+ = 0.5. At high concentrations, the swelling is somewhat suppressed, with swollen length of ~100 mm at DMAE/H+ = 10.