Science

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NASA Scientists Find Evidence of Water in Meteorite, Reviving Debate Over Life on Mars

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This scanning electron microscope image of a polished thin section of a meteorite from Mars shows tunnels and curved microtunnels.

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Observe Jupiter ‘up close’ during National Astronomy Week

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An image of Jupiter made by amateur astronomer and NAW Steering Group member David Arditti. He captured this picture on 16 February 2014, using a 36 cm telescope set up in his back garden in north London.

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Neosat boosting Europe’s telecommunications by satellite

European Space Agency (ESA) is forging ahead with the Neosat next-generation satcom platform, planning the first flights within five years. The goal is for European satellite builders to capture at least half of the world’s satcom market in 2018–30 through innovation and efficiency, generating €25 billion in sales.

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The Shocking Behavior of a Speedy Star

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The red arc in this infrared image from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope is a giant shock wave, created by a speeding star known as Kappa Cassiopeiae.

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A New Laser for a Faster Internet

A new laser developed by a research group at Caltech holds the potential to increase by orders of magnitude the rate of data transmission in the optical-fiber network—the backbone of the Internet.

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WB Supports Road Improvements and Maintenance in Ethiopia

The World Bank’s Board of Executive Directors approved funds to help Ethiopia upgrade the country’s road system, strengthen road maintenance and reduce travel time along inter-regional corridors.

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The Gifts of Prometheus (Part II)

Fusion & Physical Chemistry

The next material that was introduced was iron. Now, iron is much more plentiful than copper. Iron ore looks like copper ore—it's not a green rock, but it looks like a rock. You wouldn't expect anything metallic to come out of it. But if you do the same process we did with the malachite, you'll wind up with what we see in Figure 6. This is called an "iron bloom." It's not pure iron, it's not melted, it still has impurities in it. After you heat it, you basically bang it—this guy is using a sledge hammer—you have to beat the impurities out of it. It takes a lot of work, and all that work produces wrought iron, which is very pure iron.

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The Gifts of Prometheus (Part I)

Fusion & Physical Chemistry

What will be presented today was spurred by certain comments by Lyndon LaRouche in the wake of the decision on the part of the Ukrainian government to reject the economic offers from the European Union, and to instead adopt and accept a proposal from the Russians. What this represented was a decision between two types of systems: On the one hand, what the European Union was offering, and what the monetarist system in general continues to offer, which is extended debt, some monetary guarantees, maybe the opportunity for the stationing of anti-ballistic-missile systems in your country, and everything that goes along with that. Or, on the other hand, what Ukraine in fact accepted, was an offer for agreements from Russia, around things like energy, physical productivity, and the like.

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Movies of graphene nanopore opening

Fabricating functional nano-devices is an ultimate goal of nanotechnology. Atomic-scale modification and sculpting of materials can enable nano-machines with wide-varying application potential in biological (medical) and chemical (trace sensing) uses. In our most recent publication, together with Harvard University, the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and FEI corporation, we demonstrate precise modification of graphene at the atomic scale.

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Nanopores in graphene, catalyzed by single silicon atoms and recorded by HTEM.

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Large thermoelectric power from a combination of magnets and superconductors

Thermoelectric devices can cool materials by passing currents, or convert temperature differences into electric power. However, especially metallic structures have a very poor thermoelectric performance, and therefore most thermoelectrics are made of semiconductors. Now a group of researchers from the University of Jyväskylä, Aalto University (Finland), San Sebastian (Spain) and Oldenburg University (Germany) have shown how a proper combination of magnetic metals and superconductors could allow reaching very strong thermoelectric conversion efficiency.

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According to the newly published research, a very large thermoelectric effect can be created in a structure combining a ferromagnet (F) to a thin superconductor film (S) via an insulator (I), and where the superconductor is in the presence of a spin-splitting field due to the presence of a ferromagnetic insulator (FI) or a magnetic field (B).