Science

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Rosetta’s target comet is becoming active

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Comet develops a coma

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Cascading dunes in a martian crater

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Rabe crater perspective view

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NASA Mars Rover Curiosity Wrapping Up Waypoint Work

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The Mars Hand Lens Imager on NASA's Curiosity Mars rover provided this nighttime view of a hole produced by the rover's drill and, inside the hole, a line of scars produced by the rover's rock-zapping laser. The camera used its own white-light LEDs to illuminate the scene on May 13, 2014.

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Interlayer detector for ion beam milling processes

The Ion Beam Milling ion-etching process is vacuum based and is dependent on precise identification of interlayer breakthrough through multiple stacked thin-film layers each of perhaps only a few Angstrom thick . The Hiden IMP-EPD end point detector system is used routinely for monitoring and control of the total etching process. The system directly monitors the surface ions generated in the etching process, identifying the species present, their relative abundances and precisely defining the interlayer boundary to just 2.5 Angstrom. Species with molecular weights up to 300amu are determined.

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New insight into thermoelectric materials may boost green technologies: A U of Miami physicist and his collaborators find remarkable thermoelectric properties for a metal that may impact the search for materials useful in power generation, refrigeration o

Thermoelectric materials can turn a temperature difference into an electric voltage. Among their uses in a variety of specialized applications: generating power on space probes and cooling seats in fancy cars.

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Lithium purple-bronze (LiPB) is a thermoelectric material comprised of aligned conducting, zig-zag chains of molybdenum and oxygen (left image, pink and white circles with green bonds). When an electric current was applied in a direction slightly misaligned with the chains (depicted as gray lines, right image), heat flowed perpendicular to the current, a phenomenon known as the transverse Peltier effect. The efficiency of this effect in LiPB was among the largest known for a single compound.

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Magnetar Formation Mystery Solved?

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Magnetars are the bizarre super-dense remnants of supernova explosions. They are the strongest magnets known in the Universe — millions of times more powerful than the strongest magnets on Earth. A team of European astronomers using ESO’s Very Large Telescope (VLT) now believe they’ve found the partner star of a magnetar for the first time. This discovery helps to explain how magnetars form — a conundrum dating back 35 years — and why this particular star didn’t collapse into a black hole as astronomers would expect.

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West Antarctic Glacier Loss Appears Unstoppable

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Thwaites Glacier.

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Chemotherapy timing is key to success: Nanoparticles that stagger delivery of two drugs knock out aggressive tumors in mice.

MIT researchers have devised a novel cancer treatment that destroys tumor cells by first disarming their defenses, then hitting them with a lethal dose of DNA damage.

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The nanoparticle contains the cancer drug doxorubicin (green spheres) in its core. Erlotinib is embedded in the red outer shell. Attached to the surface are chains of polyethylene glycol (PEG), in yellow.

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Scientists Find Solution to Two Long-Standing Mysteries of Cuprate High-Temperature Superconductivity: Findings unequivocally link two "personality" changes of electrons at critical point

Scientists seeking to understand the intricacies of high-temperature superconductivity-the ability of certain materials to carry electrical current with no energy loss-have been particularly puzzled by a mysterious phase that emerges as charge carriers are added that appears to compete with superconductivity. It's also been a mystery why, within this "pseudogap" phase, the movement of superconducting electrons appears to be restricted to certain directions. So exploring the pseudogap and whether and how it affects the movement of electrons has been a pivotal challenge.

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Disappearing stripes linked with free electron movement: Scientists used a precision microscope to simultaneously explore electrons' arrangements and movements as charge carriers called holes were added to transform a copper-oxide material from an insulator to a superconductor. With increasing hole density, the material first takes on a mysterious "pseudogap" phase that overlaps and competes with superconductivity. Region I: While still in the pseudogap phase, some electrons occupy static positions apparent as a striped pattern (top inset) while other electrons are free to move and carry current, but only in certain directions (arcs with gaps in lower inset). Region II: At a critical point of hole density, the static stripes disappear and all electrons can move freely in all directions. The point of maximal superconductivity (Max Tc) lies within this region. Finding ways to prevent the static electron arrangement may be one way to push the Max Tc to a higher temperature more suitable for real-world applications.

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NASA Uses GPS to Find Sierra Water Weight

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A GPS station in the mountains of Oregon.

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