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These are images of (a) normal human joint cartilage, and (e) cartilage with very early matrix GAG loss. (b) Histologic image of a normal cartilage stained with Toluidine Blue to visualize content of GAGs. (f) Histologic image of a GAG-depleted cartilage (c) Schematic of extracellular matrix of normal cartilage composed mainly of collagen fibers and aggrecan (g) Schematic of matrix of GAG-depleted cartilage (d,h) Schematic of AFM-based dynamic compression of normal (d) and GAG-depleted (h) cartilage, which results in intra-tissue fluid flow velocity depicted by the blue arrows (from Finite element model computer simulations): loss of GAG (h) enables more fluid to flow out of the cartilage at high loading rates. (i) Human aggrecan imaged by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)

NASA researchers modified three repurposed Aerovironment RQ-14 Dragon Eye unmanned aerial vehicles acquired from the United States Marine Corps to study the sulfur dioxide plume of Costa Rica's Turrialba volcano. The project is designed to improve the remote sensing capability of satellites and computer models of volcanic activity.

Macroscopic volume and microscopy characterization of the samples before and after swelling. The parent H0.8[Ti1.2Fe0.8]O4 H2O microcrystals exhibit platelets with lateral sizes of ~15 mm×35 mm and a thickness of ~2-3 mm. The interlayer spacing is 0.89 nm; thus, the platelets are composed of ~3000 regularly stacked layers. With addition of amine solutions, the samples “ballooned” spontaneously, and the macroscopic volume of the swollen crystals changes with various DMAE solutions, which shows the maximum volume increase at DMAE/H+ = 0.5. Optical microscopy characterizations reveal extended lamellar structures. The longest swollen length is ~200-250 mm in DMAE/H+ = 0.5. At high concentrations, the swelling is somewhat suppressed, with swollen length of ~100 mm at DMAE/H+ = 10.

And now a team of Stanford University bioengineers has taken computing beyond mechanics and electronics into the living realm of biology. In a paper to be published March 28 in Science, the team details a biological transistor made from genetic material — DNA and RNA — in place of gears or electrons. The team calls its biological transistor the "transcriptor."

This image was taken by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) flying onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter mission.