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Study reveals optimal particle size for anticancer nanomedicines

Nanomedicines consisting of nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery to specific tissues and cells offer new solutions for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Understanding the interdependency of physiochemical properties of nanomedicines, in correlation to their biological responses and functions, is crucial for their further development of as cancer-fighters.

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The nanomedicine (red) with the optimal size shows the highest tumor tissue (blue) retention integrated over time, which is the collective outcome of deep tumor tissue penetration, efficient cancer cell internalization as well as slow tumor clearance.

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Scientists Map Key Moment in Assembly of DNA-Splitting Molecular Machine: Crucial steps and surprising structures revealed in the genesis of the enzyme that divides the DNA double helix during cell replication

The proteins that drive DNA replication-the force behind cellular growth and reproduction-are some of the most complex machines on Earth. The multistep replication process involves hundreds of atomic-scale moving parts that rapidly interact and transform. Mapping that dense molecular machinery is one of the most promising and challenging frontiers in medicine and biology.

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Averaged electron microscope images of two intermediate helicase structures. The top shows an ORC binding the two ring structures together, and the bottom shows the completed double-ring structure with the ORC detached.

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Bio-inspired 'nano-cocoons' offer targeted drug delivery against cancer cells

A bio-inspired cocoon-like anticancer drug delivery system consisting of a deoxyribonuclease (DNAse)-degradable DNA nanoclew (NCl) embedded with acid-responsive DNAse I nanocapsule (NCa) was developed for targeted cancer treatment. The NCl was assembled from a long chain single stranded DNA synthesized by the rolling circle amplification (RCA). Multiple GC-pair sequences were integrated in the NCl for enhanced loading capacity of anticancer doxorubicin (DOX). Meanwhile, negatively charged DNAse I was encapsulated in a positively charged acid-degradable polymeric nanogel to facilitate decoration of DNAse I into NCl by electrostatic interaction. At an acidic environment, the activity of DNAse I was activated due to the acid-triggered shedding of the polymeric shell of NCa, resulting in the cocoon-like self-degradation of NCl and promoting the release of DOX for enhanced therapeutic efficacy.

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This image illustrates how the nano-cocoon system works.

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Unique catalysts for hydrogen fuel cells synthesized in ordinary kitchen microwave oven

Swedish and Chinese researchers show how a unique nano-alloy composed of palladium nano-islands embedded in tungsten nanoparticles creates a new type of catalysts for highly efficient oxygen reduction, the most important reaction in hydrogen fuel cells.

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A schematic model of the unique morphology of the alloy. The Pd-islands (light-brown spheres) are embedded in an environment of tungsten (blue spheres). Oxygen are represented by red spheres, and hydrogen by white spheres.

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NASA Mission Finds Widespread Evidence of Young Lunar Volcanism

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The feature called Maskelyne is one of many newly discovered young volcanic deposits on the Moon. Called irregular mare patches, these areas are thought to be remnants of small basaltic eruptions that occurred much later than the commonly accepted end of lunar volcanism, 1 to 1.5 billion years ago.

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U.S. Initiates Prototype System to Gauge National Marine Biodiversity

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NASA satellite data of the marine environment will be used in prototype marine biodiversity observation networks to be established in four U.S. locations, including the Florida Keys, pictured here.

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New NASA Technology Brings Critical Data to Pilots Over Remote Alaskan Territories

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NASA’s Traffic and Atmospheric Information for General Aviation (TAIGA) technology system is capable of showing pilots the altitude of nearby terrain via color. Yellow identifies terrain that is near the aircraft’s altitude and red shows the terrain that is higher than the plane’s altitude.

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Wild Ducks Take Flight in Open Cluster

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The Wide Field Imager on the MPG/ESO 2.2-metre telescope at ESO’s La Silla Observatory in Chile has taken this beautiful image, dappled with blue stars, of one of the most star-rich open clusters currently known — Messier 11, also known as NGC 6705 or the Wild Duck Cluster.

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NASA Mission Points to Origin of “Ocean of Storms” on Earth’s Moon

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Earth's moon as observed in visible light (left), topography (center, where red is high and blue is low), and the GRAIL gravity gradients (right). The Procellarum region is a broad region of low topography covered in dark mare basalt. The gravity gradients reveal a giant rectangular pattern of structures surrounding the region.

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Blades of grass inspire advance in organic solar cells

Using a bio-mimicking analog of one of nature's most efficient light-harvesting structures, blades of grass, a research team has taken a major step in developing long-sought polymer architecture to boost power-conversion efficiency of light to electricity.

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Vertical nanopillars are ideal geometries for getting around the challenges of producing polymer architecture to boost power-conversion efficiency of light to electricity to power electronic devices.